Complete morpho-functional rehabilitation of dental crowns using integral zirconia prosthetics
Synthetic teeth made of integral zirconium bonded in groups of 3-4 elements.
Pictured above is our colleague Dr. Maral who chose to replace her old metal-ceramic work and correct her lateral incisor anodontia with dental crowns made of integral zirconia.
Aesthetic discomfort was caused by multiple coronal destructions, old, poorly fitting prosthetic work as well as the missing of the lateral, upper, left incisor, the canine being migrated onto its position.
The clinical examination, confirmed by subsequent radiological examination, revealed the presence of dental fluorosis, anodontia of the upper left lateral incisor and the presence of secondary (recurrent) carious lesions.
Of the existing treatment plans, the doctor opted for prosthetic treatment with dental crowns made of anatomical zirconium.
Dental agenesis is a condition in which some or all tooth buds are absent.
It includes: anodontia, hypodontia and oligodontia.
Anodontia is a genetic disorder defined as the absence of all teeth.
It usually occurs as part of a syndrome that includes other anomalies. Also rare but more common than anodontia are hypodontia and oligodontia.
Hypodontia is of genetic origin and usually involves the absence of 1 to 5 teeth.
Oligodontia is genetic and is the term used to describe a condition in which six or more teeth are missing.
Dental agenesis can affect both temporary and permanent teeth, but most cases involve the latter. This condition occurs after a specific pattern of missing teeth.
Missing teeth must be considered not just in terms of their number, but also their type.
Diagnosis
As all primary teeth are usually present by the age of three, their absence is usually noticed by parents who will consult a dentist.
With the exception of wisdom molars, all permanent teeth are usually present around the age of 12 to 14. When teeth have not appeared by these ages, a panoramic dental X-ray should be taken to see if the tooth bud is at the level of the bone.
Causes
When we have hypo/oligodontia or anodontia, they can also be associated with certain abnormalities of the hair, nails and sweat glands.
In many cases, dental agenesis is a component of ectodermal dysplasia, a group of hereditary disorders.
The causes of dental agenesis are not entirely known.
Certain genes have been found to cause the condition, which can be either hereditary or due to a genetic mutation in the egg or sperm.
This condition affects around 2-8% of the world’s population, and the frequency of missing teeth is as follows: maxillary lateral incisors, second premolars, lower central incisors.
Treatment
Treatment of hypo/oligodontia or anodontia consists of dentures. Dentures can aid mastication and improve the patient’s appearance.
In the case of oligodontia or depending on the patient’s needs, treatment can be started early. Removable dentures could be proposed for children between 3 and 4 years of age. These dentures can be renewed as the child grows.
Another option in an adult patient who does not have a permanent second premolar is orthodontic space closure, with the molars migrating mesially to fill the gap.
If only the front teeth are missing in hypodontia or oligodontia, a removable denture can be used to attach only the missing teeth. Permanent options for replacing missing teeth include dental implants, which is the best solution but cannot be applied to people under 18 years of age.
Apart from making mastication and speaking difficult, dental agenesis does not cause many problems themselves.
Nevertheless, if it is related to ectodermal dysplasia, problems with hair, nails, skin or sweat glands may also occur.
Whichever the cause, dental agenesis can be relatively easily managed with dentures, dental bridges or dental implants.
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