Implantology comes to the aid of patients with modern solutions for treating edentulousness.
The application of dental implants is the solution of choice in prosthetics. The implant consists of a root portion, which is inserted into the bone and is intended to reproduce the function of the root of the lost teeth.
At the level of this root portion, the abutment is added to support the future prosthetic crown that will recreate the shape of the lost dental crown.
To be able to insert a dental implant, it is important that the doctor correctly assesses the amount of bone remaining and the amount needed to allow optimal aggregation and prevent complications.
Sometimes bone augmentation is required before the surgical stage of implant insertion.
If the bone support is deficient, the addition of augmentation materials is used to create a favorable field for implantation.
Causes of bone deficiency
Physiological resorption of the edentulous ridge – over time, if edentulousness has occurred, the underlying bone is no longer in demand and thus resorbed.
Like all organs, once they are no longer used, atrophy sets in.
They reduce their volume but also their subsequent ability to react.
Pathological resorption of the ridge in periodontal disease as early as during dentition – periodontal disease is the pathology in which the bone resorbs prematurely, uncovering the root surface of the teeth and causing them to mobilize.
The causes that lead to the onset of periodontal disease can be genetic or infectious but are always enhanced by the patient’s poor oral hygiene.
resorption occurring as a side effect of orthodontic treatments
post-extraction alveolus that does not heal in normal parameters – following traumatic, difficult extractions or when septic complications of the post-extraction alveolus occur, there is a risk that the bone will heal poorly.
trauma resulting in bone loss
Materials used in bone reconstruction:
human bone transplantation – bone is taken either from the same patient, a type of bone called autologous or from another human, the latter type being homologous.
animal bone transplantation – is called heterologous and gives good results in terms of integration
tissue and genetic engineering techniques
directed bone elongation techniques
Bone grafts taken from the same patient or autologous bone grafts can be from the vicinity of the oral cavity or from a distance.
Bone grafts taken from the endooral region can be approached through the same operative field, allowing the patient to maintain the same position and using the same instruments since it is the same region.
What is important for the patient is that this intervention does not leave any visible skin scars since the approach is endooral.
As disadvantages of taking bone grafts from the endooral region, we have the relatively small amount of available bone compared to other areas.
Remote bone donor sources have the advantage of providing larger bone surfaces but the disadvantage of requiring a second surgery.
Regardless of which bone donor source is used, surgical times will be the same. The steps will be explained to the patient, who in turn will have to follow the post-operative instructions to help create optimal conditions for the insertion of dental implants.
Bone reconstruction in implantology
Dental implants are one of the most widely used techniques for replacing missing teeth.
However, sometimes patients do not have enough healthy bone to support the implants. In such cases, dentists resort to bone reconstruction before implantation to ensure stable anchorage of dental implants.
Bone reconstruction is a complex technique that requires experience and surgical precision.
There are several methods of bone reconstruction in implant dentistry, each with advantages and disadvantages
In general, these techniques fall into two categories: bone augmentation and guided bone regeneration (GBR).
Bone augmentation involves the use of filling materials such as artificial bone or bone from the patient (e.g., from the donor site). This method is used when patients do not have enough bone of their own to support dental implants.
Filling materials are inserted into the area where the implant will be placed, creating a solid foundation. portion of the sinus then becoming bone.
Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a more complex technique involving the use of collagen membrane and bone growth substances to stimulate bone growth. The collagen membrane is inserted into the area where the implant will be placed, covering the exposed bone surface. Bone growth substances are then introduced under the membrane, stimulating bone growth.
Both techniques can be used in combination to ensure stable anchorage of the dental implant.
One of the most important aspects of bone reconstruction is assessing the patient beforehand.
It is important to determine the quantity and quality of the patient’s bone in order to determine the most appropriate bone reconstruction technique.
Bone reconstruction is a complex procedure and requires a great deal of surgical experience and precision.
It is important to choose a dentist with experience in bone reconstruction and implantology to ensure a safe and effective procedure.
In conclusion, bone reconstruction is a complex and necessary technique in dental implantology when patients do not have enough healthy bone to support dental implants.
There are several methods of bone reconstruction, each with advantages and disadvantages.
It is important to choose an appropriate technique for each patient and to carry out an accurate assessment before starting the procedure.
This procedure can be performed successfully with the help of a dentist experienced in implantology and bone reconstruction, and can ensure stable anchorage of dental implants and their long-term function.
It is also important to bear in mind that bone reconstruction is a process that can take several months.
A healing period is needed for the bone to grow and strengthen before the dental implant can be inserted.
Patients must be prepared for this period of time and strictly follow the dentist’s instructions to ensure the success of the procedure.
In conclusion, bone reconstruction is an important aspect of dental implantology that can ensure stable anchorage and long-term function of dental implants.
It is important to carry out an accurate pre-assessment and to choose an appropriate technique for each patient.
With the help of a dentist experienced in implant dentistry and bone reconstruction, patients can benefit from a healthy smile and efficient chewing function.
